Process for eliminating pipes and segregated metal from ingots.



T. H. MATHIAS.

PROCESS OF ELIMINATING PIPES AND SEGREGATED METAL FROM mcors.

Patented Dec. 3, 1918.

- M, gnaw/1012mm i filUlWl liEli STATES PATENTF n I a citizen of the United the ingot.

anon/ms H. MATHIAS, or BUFFALO, new

oomram, on LAGKAWANNA, new Y rnoonss nonnmmmhrmo rirns Ann snenneamnn METAnFnoJi/r moors.

me nt 5; specifier ;rea es Patent d neeegieist Application filed March 7,1914, Serial No. 82mg;Rasmussen, 191a. Serial No. 229L571.

ToaZZ whom it mayconcemi Be it known that I, THOMAS H. MATH1As,

Bufi'alo, in the county of ErieandState of New York, have invented newandvuseful Improvements in Processesfor Eliminating Pipes and Segregated- Metal from Ingots, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the elimination of the pipe and the segregated metal fromthe billet or blo0m to produce better rails and consists in a new methodiof rolling down w Pipes are formed in the ingot during :teeming, the piping andsegregation taking place as themetal solidifies ahdqincreasing asthe solidifying advances. jThisplpeextends i down into the ingot a greater or less distance from theupper and usually smaller end, and'resultsin a defect in the bar rolled from that piped portion; which is particularly dangerous when the bar is a rail. To avoid the production of such defectiverails,

waste, and, entirely to remove thepiped portion, would involve such great waste that it "is never done, so that more or lessplped rails are always produced. t' n t i Attempts have (been made and processes suggested for rolling theingotbutt end first before the interior ishardened, whereby the molten metal is forced toward the smaller end more or less filling the pipeg lout such attempts have never proved gentirely successful, owing to certain practicahdefects.

These defects I believe I have overcome, and I have succeeded in eliminating the pipeand 1 the segregated metal with atrifiing waste,

by a practical and economical process. at My process consists in rollin the ingot butt-end first and applying t e pressure equally and uniformly to a all four sides.

\ This is done between a pairofrolls in which the grooves are so shaped that each roll applies pressure to two adjacentsides of the ingotwith the result: that the enly openings between the rolls through whichinnetal can beforced out to forinfinsis at the diaga pnally opposite corners. 1 At the next pass States, residing at the ingot transferred to the rolls liminaryystepr I ipreferwto pass the relation of the billet to the rolls is changed so that :the openings betweenthe of diagonally rolls come at the other pair opposlte corners and thelfins startin at the first pass are rolled out in the secon This shiftingyfor change in relation, is continued YORK, Assmnon 'ro naonawnnm STEEL 0e11,; acozaronamro v or newsman;

in the successive passes throughout the tire rolling operationfl n t Th formation of finshasbeenaserious,

if} not fatal, obj ectionto all the processesfor rollingout the pipesgwith which Ijamac "quaintedyand it will be understood xthatif such fins are formed in; reducing the 3 ingot Intheamwingam n t a e this as scriptionyFigurelisa longitudinal section gofthe ingot as originally castt {Fig.2 isan elevation of a desirable formof rolls, Figs.

3, 4 5 and 6 show the ingot in longitudinal section tratethesteps ofthe rolling inwhich the In the drawing land 2 indicate respecivelythe up er andlower rolls; 4 and 5, respectlvelyt e upper and lower end of the ingot; and 6, the pipe. The ingot is cast in i the tapering formVshown tomake stripping from themolcl easy butmy process could be applieditostraight ingots as well. In every case however the ingot must be rolled butt first; 5 that is, the pressureloe applied from the lower endtoward the upper,simultaneously on all foursides to force the hot soft metal of the interior towardthe upper end toqfillthe pipe cavity, carrying with it the segregated metal surrounding said cavity; The procedure is best indicated in Figs. 3,

4, 5 and 6. As scenes the exterior of the ingot is sufiicientlyt set and the ingot can be handled, the moldiis stripped therefrom and the ingot As a pretheymust beremoved infsomeway which a would be expensiveyfor if not they would be rolled out @in the finished bar, forming seamsyetc. i

at i m andthe rolls incross section toillus through the rolls once, small end: first, to

eliminate the fin formed around the bottom edge between the mold and the stool, but this is not an essential part of my process. a

The ingot is then passed through the rolls butt or bottom end'first several "times, say

four to ten, as may be desired whereby the hot; molten 'o'ifi 'soft metal is forced toward the small;end 'untihwhatisleft of the pipeand practically all the segregated metal is forced to the veryend which is then cropped,

this being merely a trifle as compared to the size of the'crop and-according to common practice. Thus-not only arethe; pipe. and the segregated metal entirely eliminated but a ,9; eat saving is effected in the amount cropped,

An essentialfeature of my processis the prevention or elimination of fins and this versin the relation of the in ot to the h I: 4

rolls at eachsuccessivepass.1

; -This will; be understood by reference to Figs. 7; and ;8 groove is formed inthe upper moll ;of whichjthetwo surfaces, at b,

, are arranged at a right angle to each other.

Preferably; and to} make-rolling easier, neither; ofiithese surfaces should be ata rightangle to the roll axis, but each arranged atless than a right anglethereto. Theseangles may be similar, or one greater and'the otherless a may be desired. In the formofrolls shown, the angle between the surface?) and the longitudinal axis of the'rjoll is the greaterandfapproaches a right angle,-"but'the angle between surface a and the axis ismuch less.l R0112 is correspondingly formed with surfaces at 6. Between the pairs pfsurfaces arethe cornersc e of rather large wradius. Thus-the pressure will be applied to the'four sides by the two rolls, and, there-being only two openings between the rolls; fins" can he formed only at; the ingot corners d and cl. But at the next pass the relationbf the corners and the openings are reversed, the. ingot :being shifted. a quarter. turn aroundits lon'gitudie nal axis b'ringing'the corners: (Z d 'at :the cornersif f where the. rudimentary fins will be rolled 0u't,vand fins begin to be formed onfcorne'rs e e which.in'tlieir turn are rolled out in the'third pass, etc: 1 1 a .I have spoken" ofj shiftingftheingot but in practiced'prefer insteadtb j change the position. of the openin s. and the cornersin the successive. standszofl rolls. 'fReferringito' F1 g. '"8, this; change-infill be. understood, it will bel seen that-:the ingot'coriiers ckd" ess without departing from the spirit thereof, for instance it is not necessary that there should be a shift in the bar at every successive pass, but merely a sufliciently frequent shift, or change in its relation to the rolls, toeliminate the fins.

, Having described my invention, I claim,-

1. The method 'of rolling down ingots substantially to eliminate the pipe and-seguegatedmetal, consisting in passing the ingot-through rolls a plurality of times buttend first and applying the pressure equally and i'iniformly to all four sides.

2. The method of rolling down ingots "I substantially to eliminate the pipe. and to force all segregated .metal to the extreme end of the ingot, which consists in passing the :ingotthrough the rolls a plurality of timeslower. end first, the grooves in the rolls being shaped so that each roll shall apply pressure to two adjacent sides of the: ingot ;and one pair of diagonally opposite corners of the ingot shall correspond with the joints between the rolls, and during some of the i passes changing the relation of the ingot and the rolls so that each roll shall engage with difi'erent surfaces and the other pair of oppositecorners of the ingot shall correspond with the joints between the rolls.

3. The method of rolling. down ingots substantially to eliminate the pipe, which consists in passing the ingot between rolls lower end first a plurality of times while the ingot interior is still molten, the passes 1 in the rolls being formed each with two continuous surfaces having a corner of large radius between them, the two surfaces on each roll being arranged substantially at a right angle to each other and each surface at 'less than a right angle to the roll axis, said two surfaces being adapted to apply pressureto two adjacent sides of the ingot and at each successive pass turning the ingot about its longitudinal axis with relation to the. rolls, so that at one pass one pair of diagonally opposite ingot corners shall be received in the roll corners, anohat the next pass, the'othe'r pair of diagonally opposite ingot corners.

4; The method of'rollingv down ingots I the ingot.

the ingot through the rolls a plurality of times lower end first, and applying the pressure equally and uniformly to all four sides of the ingot by means of a pair of rolls each having a groove so shaped that each roll shall apply pressure to two adjacentsides of Copies of this patent may be obtained foi fiyje cents each. by addressingtheflcommissioiier of Patents.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

THOMAS H. MATHIAS. Witnesses:

JOSEPH E. DONNELLY, WALTER J. BRYAN.

Washington, JD. '0. 

